Jeep Marketing Project essays

Jeep Marketing Project essays Executive summary and the history of jeep: The jeep has first appeared as a World War II military vehicle. The 4-wheel-drive jeep helped popularize a new era for sport utility vehicles. It is well known with fun and adventure and is one of the most widely recognized brands in the world. Although there is no definite knowledge of how the "Jeep" got its name, however, some theory claims that Jeep name came from G.P. for General Purpose vehicle, which is designed for army vehicle.(4 and 6) There are three classifications for jeep: Jeep Grand Cherokee, which is the new level of technological innovation. It has the new modification of Jeep Cherokee. It is one of the best four-wheel-drive cars that is designed for the best handling, and the finest refinement and style. Jeep Cherokee is the original four-wheel sport-utility vehicle. It has a top performance capability. Jeep Wrangler is the conqueror of both battlefield and off-highway adventures. The icon of the jeep brand. Wrangler is still the original 4WD fun and freedom machine. The new wrangler's wide appeal has much to do with its three models: The value leading SE, the mid-level Sport, and the well-equipped Sahara. Wrangler is still the heart and soul of the jeep brand. Wrangler continues its impressive sales history with 68,619 units sold in the 1995 model year. While its closest competitor held 29 percent (Geo Tracker) and 10 percent (Suzuki Sidekick) of the 1995 mini sport utility sales, Wrangler dominated the category by attracting 48 percent. With the functional and design improvements of the all-new model, sales should continue to be strong.( 2 and 3) also ( Refer to appendix 1 and 2). Company profile and Macroenvironment aspects: Daimler Chrysler, ranking the world's third automaker in sales. Chrysler Corporation combined with the German's Daimler-Benz in 1998. They agree to combine their businesses in a "merger of equal ...

One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich essays

One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich essays Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr Isaevich. One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich, New YorkPress, 1963. The novel, A Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich is intentionally not sensational. It is an expose of Stalinist labor camps, and of the Soviet system generally, but it accomplishes this through understatement and indirection. This work, however, is much more than a political indictment. Its power derives from its depiction of a man retaining his humanity under inhumane conditions. Shukov is not a heroic figure, but he wins our admiration for his cleverness, his endurance, and his simple integrity. This novel also shows a nice cross section of how soviet life was. It shows how citizens in Russia really had no freedom to speak thier mind. Solzhenitsyn who had to endure the harsh reality of labor camps himself, gives a good recount of the harsh brutalness of just one of the soviets controlling machines. Through Shukov, Solzhenitsyn suggests that there are certain qualities which must be retained no matter what the circumstances if we are to maintain our humanity. Primary among these is self-respect. Shukov works constantly to increase his odds of survival, but there are definite things, lying and begging among them, which he will not do. The novel concentrates on one man, Ivan Denisovich Shukhov, as he attempts to survive another day in a Soviet concentration camp, or gulag, with dignity and humanity. The conditions of the camp are harsh, reflecting a world that has no tolerance for independence. Camp prisoners rely almost totally on each other's productivity and altruism, even for the most basic human need, food. The dehumanizing atmosphere of the gulag ironically forces prisoners to discover means to retain their individuality while conforming to the stringent rules, spoken and unspoken, of the camp. The characters in Ivan Denisovich bring a liveliness to the novel. The narrator Ivan Denisovich is bo...

Argumentation Based on Marx's Communist Manifesto Essay

Argumentation Based on Marx's Communist Manifesto - Essay Example Modern industrial society is typified by class struggle between those who own the factors of production and proletariat. However, the influence of capitalism has been on the decline and is ceasing to be compatible with this exploitive relationship. Therefore, those who provide labor will lead to a revolution. This revolution will be different from the previous one. This is because in this revolution the proletariat will have to destroy all ownership of private property. In turn, this will lead to a complete overhaul of the classes eventually disappearing. The manifesto argument is that this development is unstoppable, and capitalism will inherently collapse. As a result, the communist engages in promoting revolution, and this will ensure that those involved are able to move history towards its natural conclusion. They concur that the elimination of social classes cannot take through reforms or changes in government. They know that such fundamental changes can only take place through a revolution. The Communist Manifesto was a plan by Marx and Friedrich Engels. They argue that for changes to take place in both society and political institutions it must be driven by a process of universal struggle on parts of groups of people with similar economic fate in order to realize their material or economic interests (Marx-Engels Archive 1). These struggles as shown in the history have been struggles of economically inferior classes against economically dominant classes who are against their economic interests (Marx-Engels Archive 1). This process has shaped the currently industrialized world: the bourgeoisie in its struggle against the aristocratic class of feudal society (Marx-Engels Archive 1). This has been heightened through travel to different parts of the world, and the discovery of new products and goods that created rooms for commercial activities. This is because the bourgeoisie whose purpose is to accumulate managed to grow wealthier and became politically embo ldened against the feudal order. In fact, the bourgeoisie has uplifted their authority to a stable entity in the society and drives various sector of the economy in pursuit of their interests. The interest of accumulation by the merchants has assured them to overcome the globe. They have forced almost all to adopt the capitalist mode of production. On the other hand, the bourgeois has fundamentally altered all aspects of the society, even the families and hence substituted rural civilization with enormous cities. Through industrialization, the means of production and exchange that drives this process of expansion and change have resulted in a subordinate class whose fate is determined by the bourgeoisie (Marx-Engels Archive 1). This class is the proletariat, and they have been uprooted by capitalism and hence are forced to sell labor to the bourgeoisie. This offends them as they remember how before they possessed and sold what they produced (Marx-Engels Archive 1). They face exploit ation and are forced to compete with one another for forever-shrinking wages as a means of production becomes more complicated. However, the workers will become enlightened and unite to fight their common enemy: the bourgeoisie. Furthermore, they will cooperate with an increasing number of the middle class whose source of livelihoods keep on dwindling due to large factories owned by a shrinking number of superrich industries (Marx-Engels Archive 1). The bourgeoisie will eventually be the author of their own downfall.  

Stained Glass Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stained Glass - Research Paper Example However, it was during the Middle Ages or Medieval Period from 500 AD to 1450 AD, that the art of creating stained glass was developed in Europe. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this research paper is to investigate stained glass, its background, Medieval stained glass, the process of creating the art pieces, developments, later stained glass, and the significance of the art in the modern world. The beauty of stained glass is magical, even before it is cut and pieced together into a project. Stained glass falls into two general categories: cathedral and opalescent or opals. Cathedral glass includes all clear and transparent colored glass. Contrastingly, opalescent glass is developed from a material that crystallizes the glass during the cooling process. This results in glass â€Å"with varying degrees of oqaqueness that refletcts light rather than transmitting it† (Stevenson 8). The term stained glass is considered to be a misnomer, since staining is only one of the techniques of coloring used, and the best medieval glass did not employ this method. In ancient times, Muslim designers in East Asia fitted small pieces of colored glass into intricate window traceries or lacy openwork, made of stone, wood, or plaster. This type of window mosaic continues to be used. In the windows of Christian churches, colored glass was used as early as the 5th century, and pictorial glass as early as the 10th century (The Columbia Encyclopedia, 2009). In stained glass, color has been associated with emotions, through history. After entering a church, the meditative feeling that an individual gets is partly due to the interior lighting. It is believed that the rich reds and brilliant yellows traditionally used in stained glass evoked certain emotions in the viewers. Further, since many people were illiterate, books were not read to a great extent. Thus, they also

The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Example for Free

The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Throughout the study of literature, it is believed that most works cannot be fully understood without a biographical strategy. In order to understand a work, the reader must understand the author’s life and experiences to grasp the full concept of that work. In Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† Gilman uses symbolism, personification, and other literary tools to portray the way women were treated throughout this particular era. Gilman also uses a romanticism approach when writing â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†. The narrator believes that the woman trapped in the wallpaper, symbolizes her and all the other women living in the male dominant society. Romanticism represents an art for arts sake. Born in 1860, Charlotte Perkins Gilman was forced into an era of male supremacy. Gilman was abandoned by her father from infancy and often left into the care of relatives including Harriet Beecher Stowe and feminist activists, Isabella Beecher Hooker and Catherine Beecher. Strong and influential women, struggling for their place in a male dominant world, shaped Gilman’s childhood. The women made Gilman an independent young lady, teaching her importance of exercise and philosophy, over that of clothes and jewelry. At the age of 24, Gilman married her first husband, Charles Walter Stetson. After having her daughter the next year, Gilman went into a deep depression. The noted neurologist, S. Weir Mitchell, examined her. He told her to follow his ‘rest cure’ of complete bed rest and limited intellectual activity. This meant no writing. Gilman realized that this ridiculous cure was actually driving her more insane, so she removed herself from Mitchells care. When her health got better during a trip to California she paired her emotional problems to her marriage and decided to leave her husband. In 1900, Gilman married for the second time to her cousin George Houghton Gilman. Gilman continued her feministic journey until discovering she was diagnosed with Breast Cancer. She left a final note that read, â€Å"When one is assured of unavoidable and imminent death, it is the simplest of human rights to choose a quick and easy death in place of a slow and horrible one. Charlotte Perkins Gilman took her life on August 17, 1935, in Pasadena, California, at the age of 75. Gilman’s main intent in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† is to portray the way women were viewed and treated during this time period. In the later 19th century, men were the superior race. Women oftentimes went from being born into a house with a father; to being married off to someone they weren’t exactly happy to be with, leaving no time for a woman to experience life without someone â€Å"in-charge† of them. Gilman did not want to be like other woman of this time, she redefined womanhood, proclaiming that men and women were to be equal. This ‘new woman’ was to be an intelligent, well-informed, and well-educated free thinker, the creator and expresser of her own ideas. She was to be economically self-sufficient, socially independent, and politically active. She would share the opportunities, duties, and responsibilities of the workplace with men, and together they would share the solitude of the hearth. Finally, the new woman was to be as informed, assertive, confident, and influential as she was compassionate, nurturing, loving, sensitivea woman of the world as well as of the home. Gilmans vision of an autonomous female challenged not only the traditional cult of true womanhood but the concepts and values of family, home, religion, community, capitalism, and democracy. † (De Simone) â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† starts off with the main character, Jane, talking of a â€Å"colonial mansion,† that seems to be a place to vacation. Gilman gives detail of this set-back home that almost gives the reader an eerie feeling, which foreshadows events to come. When Jane starts to describe her husband, she gives the sense that he mocks her and he often laughs at her. This symbolization gives insight to her own life where she often felt mocked and taken for granted by men. As the story goes in deeper, Jane tells that she is going to the house because of the rest care she was prescribed, very similar to that of Gilman’s. When they get to the house, Jane enables the reader to see the room with the yellow wallpaper. The windows were barred and there were restraints on the bed and she tells of scratches on the walls and ceilings. Jane believes that this room could have been a nursery or a babysitting room, but this does not make sense because when Jane reaches out to scratch the walls, she can barely even touch. How could a young child have ever reached if Jane, a grown woman, could not? As time goes on, Jane gradually learns to enjoy the room she is staying in, except for the dreaded yellow wallpaper. After being in the room for so long and dwelling on the wallpaper, Jane discovers someone trapped behind it. Jane believes she is getting better in health, but secretly is becoming obsessed with the woman, or so she believes, behind the wallpaper. Throughout the story, Gilman uses the romanticism approach. Romanticism expresses sensibility and passion. A romantic writer incorporates symbols, myths and images in their writing to help tell the story. Jane recognizes herself as the women trapped in the wallpaper. She believes that it symbolizes her feeling trapped in the house and under the control of her husband. She uses the Gilman tells of the room with barred windows and restraints as if it were a normalcy. Reading more into the story, the reader can gather that Gilman was symbolizing this room as a woman in a man’s world. The windows are barred, showing that there is no escape from that way, as there is no escaping a man in the universe. The restraints symbolize that a man can hold a woman back, along with keeping her close so that she doesn’t wander off. The idea of the woman creeping behind the paper mirrors Jane creeping to write, while being told that it is not recommended for her treatment. Although the ideas may be far out, the story that Gilman tells reflects her own life in many ways. When Gilman introduces the woman behind the wallpaper, it’s almost as if she is introducing herself into the story. Jane possesses many qualities and characteristics that Gilman portrayed in her own life and when Jane sees the woman in the wallpaper, it’s just like Gilman’s conflict with her own mind. It symbolizes a woman’s want to break away from society and be her own person in this world that has a complete control over her. Whether it’s a father, husband, or even brother, this time period focused on male’s first. The woman was told what to do and how to act and there was no room left for questions or disobedience. â€Å"Life is very much more exciting now than it used to be. You see I have something more to expect, to look forward to, to watch. I really do eat better, and am more quiet than I was. John is so pleased to see me improve! He laughed a little the other day, and said I seemed to be flourishing in spite of my wall-paper. † (Gilman 165) This quote displays Jane’s new obsession with the wallpaper and the thought that she is truly getting better. The fact that she mentions John’s happiness with her health leads the reader to think that he is a caring man, but after understanding Gilman’s own life, makes the reader see him as the domineering husband that he is. ’Ive got out at last,’ said I, ‘in spite of you and Jane. And Ive pulled off most of the paper, so you cant put me back! ’ Now why should that man have fainted? But he did, and right across my path by the wall, so that I had to creep over him every time! † This last quote is one of the most meaningful parts of the entire short story. While saying this, Jane makes herself become the woman in the wallpaper. Not only is it just a thought anymore, but when she lashes at her husband by saying â€Å"you and Jane,† Jane loses her sense of identity and takes on the role of the woman behind the wallpaper. She tells him that he cannot put her back, symbolizing that Jane does no longer want to be restrained to the room, nor him. Even after he faints, he is still in Jane’s way, leaving her to creep around him still. â€Å"Even while considering herself a writer, and implying that she could have been a notable artist, throughout her life, Gilman qualified her artistic achievements by insisting that what she had done was ‘perfect of its kind, but not art'; that she was devoted to ‘literature and lecturing,’ but that her writing was ‘not, in the artistic sense, literature. (Heilmann) Gilman was an impeccable example of what happens when a woman’s potential is seen over. She led a successful life and her work has helped the female race raise awareness of their capability in life. Although Gilman lived a long time ago, her work then has given females today a better understanding of where they have been, but also where they are going.

Lion King vs Hamlet Essay -- essays papers

Lion King vs Hamlet The movie, The Lion King, and the book, Hamlet, both have a similar story line. In both stories, the king is killed and revenge is sought by the king’s son. The murderers in the stories are the king’s brothers who want the power of the throne. After the death of the Kings, both of the villains successfully took over the kingdoms. While these villains ruled, the kingdoms slowly deteriorated. Neither of the sons liked the villains, but they did not know at first that they had anything to do with their father’s death. It took an outside force to convince them that they must vow revenge for their father’s death. Both sons had the wit to approach revenge strategically. They wanted the villains to know that they knew about how their fathers were murdered. The leading roles in each of the stories had a corresponding role in the other. The corresponding characters shared a number of similarities, but it was the ways in which they were different that determined their fate and that of the kingdom. In Hamlet, the prince is Hamlet. He is in deep grieving of his father’s death. He is angry because he believes that everyone has already forgotten how great of a king his father was. Hamlet does not know for sure who is responsible for his father’s death, but he suspects Claudius who is his uncle and the new king. Hamlet decides that if he can convince everyone that he is insane, then maybe he will be able to get someone to tell him more about his father’s murder. In The Lion King, Simba is the prince. Simba’s father, Mufasa, is killed after he falls from a cliff into a herd of hyenas. Simba falls into a deep depression after his uncle Scar twists things around and convinces Simba that he is the one responsible for th e Mufasa’s death. Simba can not deal with what has happened and he runs away from the kingdom. In Hamlet, The new king Claudius is able to gain respect from the kingdom. He even steals the love of Hamlet’s mother Gertrude. The old king’s councilor, Polonius, becomes Claudius’s councilor and his best friend. He helps Claudius keep an eye on Hamlet and tries to keep him from finding out anything about his father’s death. Polonius believes that if he helps Claudius that he can make life better for himself and for his daughter and son. But in the end, his actions get him slayed, drive his daughter to insanity, and eventually set... ...f her son. She starts to feel the poison and she warns Hamlet of it before she dies. It is too late though, the poisonous sword had cut Hamlet. In anger, Hamlet steals the poisoned sword and runs it into Laertes. He then charges Claudius and runs it into him. He also takes the wine and forces Claudius to drink from it. Both Claudius and Laertes die before Hamlet. Hamlet regains his throne for a few seconds, until the poison sets in and takes his life. The Lion King has a happy ending. Simba returns to his kingdom and he finds Scar. He tells Scar that he knows about his father’s death. Scar lies to Simba by telling him that the Hyenas were the ones who killed Mufasa. This upsets the Hyenas. They leave Scar to fight Simba by himself. Simba wins the fight and throws Scar off a cliff, into the herd of the Hyenas. The hyenas show no remorse for Scar and they trample over him, killing him. Once Simba takes back the throne, the whole kingdom becomes beautiful again and everyone i s happy. The two stories had similar plots and characters. But in the end, the small differences in how the characters acted separated the tragedy of Hamlet from the happy ending of Disney’s The Lion King. Lion King vs Hamlet Essay -- essays papers Lion King vs Hamlet The movie, The Lion King, and the book, Hamlet, both have a similar story line. In both stories, the king is killed and revenge is sought by the king’s son. The murderers in the stories are the king’s brothers who want the power of the throne. After the death of the Kings, both of the villains successfully took over the kingdoms. While these villains ruled, the kingdoms slowly deteriorated. Neither of the sons liked the villains, but they did not know at first that they had anything to do with their father’s death. It took an outside force to convince them that they must vow revenge for their father’s death. Both sons had the wit to approach revenge strategically. They wanted the villains to know that they knew about how their fathers were murdered. The leading roles in each of the stories had a corresponding role in the other. The corresponding characters shared a number of similarities, but it was the ways in which they were different that determined their fate and that of the kingdom. In Hamlet, the prince is Hamlet. He is in deep grieving of his father’s death. He is angry because he believes that everyone has already forgotten how great of a king his father was. Hamlet does not know for sure who is responsible for his father’s death, but he suspects Claudius who is his uncle and the new king. Hamlet decides that if he can convince everyone that he is insane, then maybe he will be able to get someone to tell him more about his father’s murder. In The Lion King, Simba is the prince. Simba’s father, Mufasa, is killed after he falls from a cliff into a herd of hyenas. Simba falls into a deep depression after his uncle Scar twists things around and convinces Simba that he is the one responsible for th e Mufasa’s death. Simba can not deal with what has happened and he runs away from the kingdom. In Hamlet, The new king Claudius is able to gain respect from the kingdom. He even steals the love of Hamlet’s mother Gertrude. The old king’s councilor, Polonius, becomes Claudius’s councilor and his best friend. He helps Claudius keep an eye on Hamlet and tries to keep him from finding out anything about his father’s death. Polonius believes that if he helps Claudius that he can make life better for himself and for his daughter and son. But in the end, his actions get him slayed, drive his daughter to insanity, and eventually set... ...f her son. She starts to feel the poison and she warns Hamlet of it before she dies. It is too late though, the poisonous sword had cut Hamlet. In anger, Hamlet steals the poisoned sword and runs it into Laertes. He then charges Claudius and runs it into him. He also takes the wine and forces Claudius to drink from it. Both Claudius and Laertes die before Hamlet. Hamlet regains his throne for a few seconds, until the poison sets in and takes his life. The Lion King has a happy ending. Simba returns to his kingdom and he finds Scar. He tells Scar that he knows about his father’s death. Scar lies to Simba by telling him that the Hyenas were the ones who killed Mufasa. This upsets the Hyenas. They leave Scar to fight Simba by himself. Simba wins the fight and throws Scar off a cliff, into the herd of the Hyenas. The hyenas show no remorse for Scar and they trample over him, killing him. Once Simba takes back the throne, the whole kingdom becomes beautiful again and everyone i s happy. The two stories had similar plots and characters. But in the end, the small differences in how the characters acted separated the tragedy of Hamlet from the happy ending of Disney’s The Lion King.

Materials For Torque And Aluminium Engineering Essay

Modern vehicles with constituents made of aluminum can be 24 % lighter than one with steel, which besides allows fuel ingestion to be reduced by 2 liters per 100 kilometers. Besides the above mentioned facts, aluminum is besides corrosion opposition ( Aluminium Leader 2011 ) . Engineering applications are germinating quickly, enabling new constituent designs, for burden bearing and fabrication systems. Modern stuffs include fibre complexs, proficient ceramics, technology polymers and high temperature metal metals ( Ashby et al. , 1985 ) . The vehicle interior decorator must be cognizant of these developments and be able to choose the right stuff for a given application, equilibrating belongingss with processing, utilizing a basic apprehension of the structural inter-relationships. Metallic elements and Alloies: Metallic elements are non copiously available, therefore, can merely be used for specializer applications such as catalytic convertors and powerful lasting magnets. However, metals such as Fe, Cu and aluminum, which are copiously available and can be easy extracted are widely used in both, pure every bit good as alloy signifier ( Cottrell, 1985 ) . At present, loosely used and cheapest stuffs are Iron-based or ferric metals. Mild or low C steel is adequately strong with output strengths changing between 220 and 300 MPa for low burden uses. Further, it is easy to cut, flex, machine and dyer's rocket. High output strength is required for drive shafts and gear wheels due to higher tonss. Therefore, medium C, high C or metal steels, ( yield strengths of 400 MPa ) are used for these intents. Higher strength and wear opposition are needed for bearing surfaces. For such parts, medium and high C steels, hardened by heat intervention and extinction ( increases the output strengths to about 1000 MPa ) , are used. Unfortunately, these hardened steels become brickle following this heat intervention, so that a farther mild re-heating, called annealing, is required. This reduces the crispness whilst keeping most of the strength and hardness. Stainless steel steels are alloys with a assortment of signifiers, viz. , Austenitic, Ferritic, Martensitic and the newer Duplex steels. A common composing contains: Chromium – 18 % nickel – 8 % ( BS 970, 1991 ) Their corrosion opposition and creep opposition is superior to kick C steels, peculiarly at high temperatures, nevertheless, higher stuff and fabrication costs limit their usage in vehicle technology to specialist applications such as longer life exhaust systems. Cast chainss have 2 to 4 % C, in contrast to the 1 % or less for other ferric metals mentioned supra. This makes them brittle, with hapless impact belongingss, unless heat-treated to bring forth malleable Fe. Since the higher C content reduces the thaw point, it makes pouring into complex shaped molds much easier, hence, it is more readily project than steel. The C in the signifier of black lead makes an ideal boundary lubricator, so that cylinders and Pistons have good wear features, for usage in Diesel engines. However, it is now mostly replaced by the much lighter aluminum alloys for these applications in gasoline engines. Copper is besides used in vehicle technology. It is more expensive than steel, but is malleable and can be easy shaped. Due to its high electrical conduction, it is used in wiring and telegraphing systems. Brass is a Cu metal, normally with 35 % Zn, which makes it easier to machine yet stronger than pure Cu. This helps bring forthing complex forms for electrical adjustments. However, such metals suffer from a long term job, known as & A ; acirc ; ˆ?dezincification & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢ , in H2O. Corrosion can be minimized by utilizing the more expensive Cu metal, bronze, where Sn is the debasing component, although this stuff may be harder to machine. Copper-nickel metals have good weirdo opposition at high temperatures where they are besides corrosion resistant. The latter belongings is made usage of in brake fluid pipe-work. Aluminum and its metals have a major advantage over steels and Cu alloys, as vehicle technology stuffs. As mentioned above, their much lower densenesss lead to take down weight constituents and attendant fuel energy nest eggs. Whilst aluminum ores are abundant, the extraction of pure aluminum is really energy demanding, being electro-chemical in nature instead than the purely chemical procedure used for steels. Copper occupies an intermediate place on this point. Thus, pure aluminum is more expensive than Fe and Cu and has lower characteristic strength and stiffness. However, it does hold corrosion opposition with good thermal and electrical conduction. A broad scope of metals is now available with assorted heat interventions and fabricating chances. These stuffs have now replaced steels and Cu metals in many vehicle constituent applications, where their higher stuffs costs can be designed out, see Figure 4.1. However, stuffs developments are such that aluminum metals are themselves in competition with polymers and composite stuffs for such applications as vehicle body-work, see Figure 4.2. A composite stuff is a combination of two stuffs, with its ain typical belongingss. Its strength or other desirable quality is better or really different from either of its constituents working entirely. The chief attractive force of composite stuffs is that they are lighter, stiffer and stronger than most other structural stuffs. They were developed to run into the terrible demands of supersonic flight, infinite geographic expedition and deep H2O applications but are now used in general technology including automotive applications. Composite stuffs imitate nature. Wood is a complex of cellulose and lignin ; cellulose fibers are strong in tenseness but flexible and lignin Acts of the Apostless to cement the fibers together to make a stuff with stiffness. Man-made complexs achieve similar consequences by uniting strong fibers such as C or glass, in a softer matrix such as epoxy or polyester rosin. Considerable monetary value fluctuations in stuffs occur from clip to clip due to fuel monetary value fluctuations so that the cost values should be considered in comparative footings. The choice of a metal for a design application requires experimental informations. The first phase will find which group of metals should be used, steels, Cu or aluminum ( see Table 4.1 ) . Then a specific choice will necessitate more elaborate information. Testing of stuffs and constituents will hence be required. Some belongingss are mostly independent of composing, microstructure and processing. These include denseness, modulus, thermic enlargement and specific heat. However, many belongingss are really dependent on metal composing, microstructure, heat- intervention and mechanical history. These belongingss include output and tensile strength, ductileness, break stamina, weirdo and fatigue strength, so that specific information is required ( Smith, 1993 ) .

El salvador

This case was written by Susan Bartholomew based on personal interviews. Names, dates, and details of situations have been modified for illustrative purposes. The various economic, political, and cultural conditions described are presented as perceptions of the individuals in the case; they do not necessarily reflect the actual conditions in the region. The events described are presented as a basis for classroom discussion rather than to illustrate effective or ineffective handling of a cross- cultural situation.December 10, 1998: The Job Offer John and Joanna Lafferty had Just opened a bottle of wine to share with friends who had come to see their new apartment in Toronto when the telephone rang. John, a lanky, easygoing development economist, excused himself to answer the phone in the kitchen. Recently married, John and Joanna were excited to be building a life together in the same city at last. As a development economist specializing in Latin America, John Laffertys work had taken him to Peru, Bolivia, and Guatemala on a series of three- to four-month assignments over the previous three years.While he loved the challenge and adventure of this fieldwork and had come to love the people and culture, he also wanted a home base and steady presence in Toronto, where Joanna worked as a human resource management consultant. Just before their wedding six months earlier, John accepted a position with a Toronto-based NGO (non-government organization) focused on research, fund-raising, and government lobbying on issues related to Central American political refugees.Throughout the 1980s, tens of thousands of refugees had fled political persecution and human rights abuse in war- orn Central America to seek political asylum in Canada; John's field experience in Guatemala and his natural diplomacy were invaluable to the Canadian organization. He was passionate about his work and quickly gained a reputation for being a sa'. n. y and politically astute advocate of refugees' c ases. As Joanna went to get some wineglasses from the kitchen, she could overhear her husband speaking in Spanish on the phone.Joanna had studied Spanish in college but had difficulty following the rapid, one-sided conversation. However, one phrase, â€Å"Me allegre mucho,† and John's broad grin as he said it, was impossible to isinterpret. Joanna returned to her guests in the living room: â€Å"It sounds like good news. † John's work with refugees in the Canadian NGO had caught the attention of the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, headquartered in Geneva, and he had recently returned from a one-week visit and series of interviews. While John had not been searching for a new Job opportunity, the Geneva invitation had been too exciting to resist.John walked back into the living room with a huge smile: â€Å"Forget the wine, I think we should open some champagne. The U. N. has Just offered me the most incredible Job. † â€Å"In Geneva? Joanna asked ex citedly. Decision The El Salvador assignment would be for two years, as a Program Officer responsible for organizing the repatriation of Salvadoran refugees from various refugee camps back to El Salvador and developing programs to ensure the protection and well-being of such refugees in their return to Salvadoran communities. The position would report to the Charge de Mission of the El Salvador office.While this office was based in the capital city, San Salvador, the Job would also require frequent travel to various field offices and refugee camps throughout El Salvador, Nicaragua, Guatemala, and Honduras. The challenge of the assignment excited John tremendously; he also believed that this was an exceptional opportunity for him to make a real difference in the lives of the refugees of Central America. He certainly wanted to accept the Job; however, he would only go if Joanna would be willing and happy to go with him.Two questions would weigh heavily on Joanna's mind: 1 . â€Å"Wha t about the political instability of the area? † The politics of El Salvador were complicated and difficult to understand, and the story seemed to vary depending on the source. As Joanna gathered, the civil war in El Salvador had come to an end in 1992 with a U. N. -brokered peace treaty between the conservative government of the Republican Nationalist Alliance (Arena) and the Marxist-led Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN). Throughout the war, the U. S. ad apparently spent more than $4 billion to support the government and military, while the Soviet Bloc supported the FMLN. Human-rights groups alleged that right-wing death squads had murdered 40,000 of the 70,000 people killed during the 12-year war. However, the peace agreement had significantly reduced the size of the rmy, disbanded corrupt police forces, purged the country of the most notorious human-rights abusers, and disarmed the FMLN, allowing it to become a legal political party. The country appeared to h ave made substantial progress toward peace and democracy.The information and briefings they received from Salvadorans and other expatriates who had recently returned from the country suggested that life in the capital, San Salvador, was quite safe. Economically, the country was becoming more internationally open, with establishment of large export factories, increasing rivatization, and reforms aimed at stimulating foreign investment. While certain precautions were required, and the area was still heavily patrolled by armed forces, Joanna was told she could expect a relatively normal lifestyle. They would live in a highly secure part of the city, in the area populated by all the foreign embassies.They would also be living and traveling on a U. N. diplomatic passport (â€Å"Laissez- passer†), which would afford them excellent protection. 2. â€Å"What about my career? † Moving to El Salvador was the last thing Joanna had imagined when she married John Lafferty six month s earlier. Joanna had worked in Toronto for three years as a human resource consultant after graduating with an MBA. She was bright and ambitious, and her career was advancing well. While she was very happy to be married, she also enjoyed her professional and financial independence.Besides, Toronto was not only professionally rewarding, it was also home, friends, and family. However, Joanna was also ready for a change; secretly, she had always envied John the sense of adventure that accompanied his work. Maybe this was an opportunity for her to develop her After much discussion, they decided that John would accept the assignment. January-March 1999: Predeparture Arrangements When John confirmed with the Geneva office that he would take the assignment, it was arranged for him to move to San Salvador at the end of March and for Joanna to follow one month later.It was often recommended in assignments of this kind to send married staff ahead of time to get settled into the Job before th eir spouse and/ or family arrived. This option made sense to the Laffertys and had several advantages. First, it would give Joanna more time to finish off her current consulting rojects in Toronto and make a graceful exist from her present firm. She had a strong professional reputation and wanted to ensure she was remembered favorably by her corporate clients when she returned to Toronto two years later. Second, John would be able to get the housing arrangements settled before Joanna's arrival.John's employer would provide ample financial and logistical supports to staff in finding housing; however, John also knew from past experience that dealing with local real estate agents and utility companies in Central America could be highly frustrating. Tasks that were quite simple in Toronto, such as having a lease drawn up and getting a telephone installed, Just didn't seem to follow any system or set of procedures. â€Å"Tomorrow' could mean next week or even next month. Patience, flexi bility, and a good deal of charm were usually required; getting angry rarely helped.While John was used to the inconvenience and unpredictability of local services in Central America, he was uncertain how Joanna would react initially. John held a deep affection for the Central American people and felt hopeful that Joanna would develop an affinity for the culture as well. However, he hoped to at least have the majority of the living arrangements worked out before she arrived to make her transition to El Salvador as smooth as possible. Finally, the extra time gave Joanna more opportunity to prepare herself for the transition.Joanna had taken a course on international human resource management as an MBA and was familiar with the phenomenon of culture shock in international assignments. She recalled from her course that predeparture preparation and cultural orientation made a significant difference in helping employees and their families adapt to the foreign environment. Joanna was dete rmined to read and learn as much about Salvadoran history and politics as she could. She was also keen to improve her Spanish before she arrived and as soon as the decision was made that they would be going to El Salvador, she enrolled in night courses for six hours a week.As Joanna walked home from her Spanish class one evening, pleased with her results on her comprehension test, she recalled with amusement a conversation she had had with Joan Taylor. Joan was the wife of a senior executive with Altron, a Canadian firm with offices throughout Latin America. The Taylors had Just returned rom a two-year assignment in Guatemala City, and Joanna had contacted Joan to get some insight on the practicalities of living in the region. â€Å"My dear Joanna,† Joan began, â€Å"you will have a very fine life in Central America, or in most developing countries your husband will be sent to, for that matter.You will â€Å"Just watch out for the ‘gilded cage syndrome. †  "The what? † Joanna had asked. â€Å"As corporate executives or diplomats in third-world postings, we live a pretty high life, certainly a standard of living far beyond what we could have in our own countries. Everything is there for you and everything is done for you. It's like living in a gilded cage. Some people love it, and get pretty spoiled; after a while you cant imagine even making a sandwich for yourself†¦ .† Humph, Joanna thought to herself at the time. That would certainly never happen to me.I am a professional. This is an incredible learning opportunity and I am going to make the most of it! May 1999: Joanna's Arrival Joanna arrived on a balmy afternoon, grateful for the warm breeze after a cold Toronto winter. She was excited to see John and only slightly disappointed that their first drive into San Salvador would not be alone, but accompanied by a young Salvadoran named Julio Cesar, who had been assigned as their driver. On the drive from the airport, Joanna tried hard to follow his rapid banter as he pointed out the sights to her.She had felt confident in her Spanish in the classroom in Toronto, but now she could barely understand a word Julio Cesar said. John, sensing her frustration, began to translate, and by the time they reached the house, Joanna was exhausted and discouraged. John was proud of the house he had found, next door to the Mexican embassy and only a block from a tennis club where most of the members were expatriates. He hought this might provide a good social base for Joanna if she got homesick for North American lifestyle. The large 12-room house was certainly impressive, with its shining terrazzo floors and two large gardens.Joanna wondered what to do with all the space. It was also quite secure, with metal bars on all the windows, and surrounded by 12-foot walls. â€Å"This isn't a house, John, it's a fortress,† Joanna said in amazement. mieah . I know it's a bit much,† said John. â€Å"But thi s is the one area of the city we are strongly advised to live in, for security reasons. Smaller homes or apartments Just on't exist. Most of the families living here are either expats or very wealthy Salvadorans. Most have live-in help and need the space. † â€Å"But I don't want anyone else living with us †¦ † . I want you to meet Maria. † Joanna followed John out to the back of the â€Å"Come .. house, and was introduced to a small, brown woman, vigorously scrubbing clothes. â€Å"Maria worked for the family who lived here before; it only seemed right that she should stay. She only lives a few blocks away, though, so she will go home each evening. † After a week, Joanna soon learned Maria's work patterns. Maria would hand wash all their clothes in the cement tub and hang them to dry outside, a chore that would take all day long, as Maria would often wash things three times.The following day she would return to do the ironing, which would take anothe r full day. As Joanna sat in her study upstairs, reading her books and newspapers, she felt an overwhelming sense of guilt thinking of Maria, hand washing every last item of their clothing in the own clothes in a washing machine. Then, when Joanna found out that John paid Maria $6. 00 per day, she was furious. John explained to Joanna that this was the ustomary wage for the women from the â€Å"barrios marginales† who worked as domestic help for wealthy Salvadorans and expatriates.These â€Å"marginal communities† were small groupings of tin shacks located in the ravines that surrounded the city. A few had electricity, but many of the communities, including Maria's, still cooked their meals over fires and lit their homes with candles. Joanna began to slip more money into Maria's pay envelope. Joanna hoped to make a friend of Maria and looked forward to having lunch each day with her and learning more of the local way of speaking. Joanna realized now hat the formal Span ish she had learned in school was vastly different from the language she heard each day on the streets of San Salvador.However, Maria refused to eat at the same table as Joanna and insisted on serving Joanna first in the dining room, and then eating her own lunch on the stone steps in the back room. Joanna was deeply uncomfortable with this and began to eat lunch at the restaurant in her nearby tennis club instead. Other things began to irritate Joanna as well. For example, one day, she started to wash the car in the driveway. Suddenly, Maria's son appeared and insisted that he do he Job for her, horrified that â€Å"la Senora† would undertake such a task herself.Another time, Joanna began to dig up some of the plants in the garden for replanting; the following morning, a gardener appeared at the door, saying that he was a cousin of Maria's and would be pleased to take on additional gardening work. Joanna resented this intrusion into her daily life. If she was going to be spe nding so much time at home, she wanted privacy to read and study. It was going to be a while, she realized, before she found a Job. Joanna was disappointed with the Job prospects among local and even international companies. Most available positions were clerical, for which she was vastly overqualified. l didn't get an MBA to work as a file clerk! † she would think to herself angrily. Then, she would think sadly, â€Å"My Spanish probably isn't even good enough to get a Job as a file clerk. † One day, in frustration, Joanna called her two closest friends in Toronto, colleagues from her old firm. â€Å"l can't win! † Joanna complained. â€Å"l feel guilty all the time. I feel guilty because I don't do anything myself. And I feel guilty if I don't hire local people to the housework. They need the money so much. Then I feel guilty that we pay them six dollars a day. We can afford so much more.I feel guilty that I have a maid and she lives in a tin shack in a ravine two blocks from my house. But John says we can't pay her more than the going rate because it would upset the whole balance of her community. He says they have their own economic structure and norms and we have to respect that. My Salvadoran neighbors tell me that if I pay Maria or the gardener more they won't respect me. But I do anyway, and then I feel guilty because I don't tell John. And then our driver, Julio Cesar . The sarcastic response was the same from both. Gee, Joanna, sounds tough.Beautiful house, a maid, gardener, and driver, afternoons at the tennis club †¦ n wonder you're so miserable. † been a big mistake? She knew how much this Job meant to John, and it was a great step forward for his career. But what about her career and her own happiness? This had been a mutual decision. Something was going to have to change or they would be on a plane back to Toronto very soon. The question was †¦ what? Questions For discussion 1 . Is Joanna suffering from cultu re shock? What elements of the Salvadoran culture seem most difficult for her to adapt to? 2.Should Joanna have done anything differently in terms of her preparation for moving to El Salvador? What do you think she should do now? 3. How could Joanna further her career as a human resource consultant while living in El Salvador? What skills could she develop? Would these skills be transferable if she moved back to Toronto? To another country? 4. If you were John, would you have taken the Job in El Salvador? If you were Joanna, would you have agreed to go? 5. Do you think international careers are feasible for dual-career couples? What issues are important to consider for the individuals involved? What can companies do to make foreign assignments more successful for couples and families? Is the happiness of the employee's spouse the responsibility of the company? 7. What recommendations would you make to international organizations and companies sending employees to politically unstabl e regions? Do companies have a responsibility for the physical safety of expatriate employees? Does this responsibility extend to locally hired staff as well? 8. Do you think Joanna should pay her cleaning lady and gardener more than the standard $6. 00 per day? Why or why not?

Free Essays on James Madison And The Enlightenment

Enlightenment was a movement that prevailed ideas about nature. This happened around the 1700’s. This movement played a major part for the world at that point in time. There were many enlightenment personalities that influenced this movement. The person that I would like to enlighten you about is James Madison. Along with that, I would like to share with you how he contributed to the enlightenment. James Madison first interaction with the enlightenment was when he made up the Virginia plan. The reason for the formation of this plan was to give fair representation to the larder and smaller states. In 1776 he made his first contribution which was, that the exercise of religion is a right not a privilege. He served in Congress since March of 1780. He was one of a few who thought the confederation Government needed to be invested with more power at the state’s expense. Though he engineered compromises, the confederation continued using power. Before he took up the task of reformulating the American government system, he left the national office and served in the Virginia House of delegates. He did this to block the establishment of states supporting churches. In 1787 Madison drafted a plan for a more powerful national government. He took s leading role in shaping the constitution. He devoted himself fully to the constitution being ratified. Then he and some colleagues wrote The Federalists. James Madison helped Virginia become the tenth ratified state. He promised his Virginia Constituency that he would sponsor a series of amendments. These amendments in return would provide a safeguard for the people. Ten of these amendments were ratified and is now know as the Bill of Rights. With Madison and Hamilton in a middle of a dispute, it lead to the formation of two groups; the Federalist and Republican parties. He drafted the Virginia Resolutions. During his final years, he paid attention to the domestic affairs. He establishe... Free Essays on James Madison And The Enlightenment Free Essays on James Madison And The Enlightenment Enlightenment was a movement that prevailed ideas about nature. This happened around the 1700’s. This movement played a major part for the world at that point in time. There were many enlightenment personalities that influenced this movement. The person that I would like to enlighten you about is James Madison. Along with that, I would like to share with you how he contributed to the enlightenment. James Madison first interaction with the enlightenment was when he made up the Virginia plan. The reason for the formation of this plan was to give fair representation to the larder and smaller states. In 1776 he made his first contribution which was, that the exercise of religion is a right not a privilege. He served in Congress since March of 1780. He was one of a few who thought the confederation Government needed to be invested with more power at the state’s expense. Though he engineered compromises, the confederation continued using power. Before he took up the task of reformulating the American government system, he left the national office and served in the Virginia House of delegates. He did this to block the establishment of states supporting churches. In 1787 Madison drafted a plan for a more powerful national government. He took s leading role in shaping the constitution. He devoted himself fully to the constitution being ratified. Then he and some colleagues wrote The Federalists. James Madison helped Virginia become the tenth ratified state. He promised his Virginia Constituency that he would sponsor a series of amendments. These amendments in return would provide a safeguard for the people. Ten of these amendments were ratified and is now know as the Bill of Rights. With Madison and Hamilton in a middle of a dispute, it lead to the formation of two groups; the Federalist and Republican parties. He drafted the Virginia Resolutions. During his final years, he paid attention to the domestic affairs. He establishe...

Jesus had a special mission to the marginalised Essay Example

Jesus had a special mission to the marginalised Essay Example Jesus had a special mission to the marginalised Essay Jesus had a special mission to the marginalised Essay Jesus had a special mission to the marginalised- explain this using examples from the gospel, and say why this provoked a hostile reaction from some Jews.A marginalised person is someone who for whatever reason is on the edge of society.Jesus always had a special place in the hearts of all the marginalised people he came in contact with. Jesus role was always clear. He treated each and every one of the marginalised as he would have liked to have been treated himself.In Jesus time a lot of people were marginalised just like in todays society, for exampleLepers were marginalised they were considered outcasts in their community because of their dreaded skin disease. Sickness was often seen as punishment from God for sin.Tax collectors were marginalised they were considered outcasts in their own community because they often cheated people into believing they had to pay more money for tax. People do not like being cheated out of hard earned money and thats why people rarely socialised w ith these tax collectors.Samaritans were marginalised- they were seen as outcasts in their own community because they had married pagan invaders, and they had built their own Temple on Mount Gerezim.An example of how Jesus treated the marginalised is in the story (Luke 5: 12-14) Jesus heals a leper Jesus was in a town were there was a man with a dreaded skin disease. When the man saw Jesus he threw himself down at Jesus feet and begged Sir if you want to u can make me clean Jesus replied I do want to, be clean- the disease left the man and Jesus said Dont tell anyoneAnother example Jesus set for us in our treatment of the marginalised is (Luke 18: 35-53) Jesus heals a Blind Beggar who has faith- A blind man heard that Jesus was passing and he cried out to Jesus Jesus son of David! Take pity on me, he was told to keep quiet by the crowd, but he shouted even louder. Jesus heard his cry and said what do you want me to do for you? he said I want to see again Jesus replied then see, y our faith has made you well he could see again, and followed Jesus giving thanks to God.The Jews would never associate with these people and when they saw that a man named the Messiah did this puzzled and annoyed them greately.As these two examples show Jesus treated each and every marginalised person that he came in contact with a lot of respect and love. We should try to follow this example that Jesus has set for us all.Jesus attitude through out his life often provoked a hostile reaction from some Jews, as he would often challenge their laws and way of life. He condemned their behaviour towards one another and this displeased them greatly. They felt Jesus was a threat to their good name, and they set about changing this. An example of how Jesus would anger them is (Luke 14: 1-24) Jesus heals a sick man on the Sabbath Jesus was at a leading Pharisees house and people were watching him closely. A man whose legs and arms were swollen came to Jesus begging to get healed. So Jesus sa id to the Pharisee Does our law allow healing on the Sabbath or not? the Pharisee could not answer Jesus then healed the man and sent him on.The Pharisees were looking at Jesus and he said to them if anyone of you had a son or ox fall into the well on the Sabbath would you not pull him out at once? they were unable to answer this question. Jesus often put the Pharisees in positions like this, and over time they got so outraged that they plotted to get Jesus crucified. The Pharisees and other religious leaders of this time were not as good hearted as Jesus, and they couldnt compete with him. They accused him of blasphemy and this is why he outraged them and caused a hostile reaction.

Fine and Gross Motor Skills Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fine and Gross Motor Skills - Research Paper Example Childcare means ensuring that the environment the baby is growing up in is safe and healthy enough for the child and this is the work of parents, guardians, grandparents and other relatives, babysitters or even nanny, licensed child care centers as well as older siblings. Even when the parents are working and have to leave the child with other people who are capable, they should still ensure that the environment is safe and healthy for the children and communicate the same to those taking care of the children. What should be considered before leaving the child with just anyone is the interaction of that person with the baby, the cleanliness and safety of the environment, activities the child can participate in, the food and beverages being provided and whether they are healthy enough as well as how the person engages in activities with the children. If the staff or individual does not look happy to interact, then the child will not have enough development with that person.  What so me parents do not realize when it comes to reading to children is that it is never too early to do so. The earlier the reading and frequency the more the baby starts learning vocabulary as well as getting their brain cells stimulated to grow. The baby also starts getting and strengthening listening skills as well as gaining memory skills. Reading also promotes bonding with the child with the soothing sounds of a parent’s voice. The baby also starts getting awareness of the world in addition to beginning a reading culture in them. Different age groups have different reading books as well as capacity they can understand. Their concentration span increases with age and hence only a few pages should be read at a time and increase as the child develops. The presence of animals and drawings in a baby’s book helps in learning while encouraging them to repeat as you read along with them builds their confidence and reading skills as they grow up and start pre-school.

Explain the role of government in economic matters for each Research Paper

Explain the role of government in economic matters for each subculture. Should the government be regulator or supporter Why - Research Paper Example The first of these which will be discussed is that of the individualistic approach. This can be defined as an approach to governance that places a high level of emphasis upon the predicate that the government should be restricted to allowing a high degree of private initiative. Although not strictly speaking a libertarian interpretation of the government’s responsibility to the system and vice versa, it is perhaps one of the more libertarian viewpoints of government’s role within society. Ultimately, within this context, government is seen to have a strictly utilitarian purpose ot maximize efficiency without allowing any firm of waste or bureaucracy to drain the productive energies that would otherwise result. Conversely, a traditionalistic political culture best describes a type of political culture that prizes family ties more than the other two which will be enumerated upon. Whereas the individualistic approach tries to minimize the role that government may play within society and or the community, the traditionalistic approach seeks to place a positive role that government can and should integrate with in regards to the community. Whereas other approaches place a great degree of emphasis on a particular determinant, the traditionalistic approach is no different in this respect as it places the highest degree of emphasis on seeking to engage the government in the task of maintaining the social order that is already in existence. In this way, this type of view is inherently conservative as it attempts to maintain the status quo via the utilization of governmental power. Similarly, the last form of political culture that will herein be enumerated upon is that of the moralistic political culture. As the name implies, this particular approach places a very high degree of importance on seeking to utilize the government as a â€Å"positive force† within